What Causes Absinthe Hallucinations?

Absinthe, often referred to as the “Green Fairy,” has long been surrounded by myths and intrigue. One of the most famous claims is that it causes vivid hallucinations. Van Gogh and Picasso were among the creative artists who were big fans of Absinthe at its height of popularity. Some believe that Absinthe hallucinations partly inspired some of their greatest works.

In the 19th century, Absinthe became a favored drink in France, particularly among artists and writers. However, as highlighted by the British Medical Journal, it faced bans in numerous countries in the early 20th century due to its links to various health issues, including gastrointestinal disorders, acute auditory and visual hallucinations, epilepsy, brain damage, and an elevated risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide. These concerns were largely attributed to thujone, a compound present in wormwood.

However, modern research suggests that the thujone content in absinthe is too low to cause such effects. The hallucinations often associated with Absinthe were likely the result of a mix of factors, including its high alcohol content, the presence of thujone, and the social and psychological environment surrounding its consumption.

Today’s versions of Absinthe available in the United States do not contain thujone, significantly reducing the likelihood of hallucinations. However, it is important to recognize that consuming Absinthe still carries risks. Like other alcoholic beverages, it poses a risk of substance abuse and alcohol addiction, making it essential for individuals facing challenges with alcohol or other psychoactive substances to seek professional assistance.

What Is Absinthe?

Absinthe is an herb-infused alcohol derived from fennel, anise, and the leaves and flowers of a small shrub called wormwood, scientifically known as Artemisia absinthium. This high-alcohol beverage typically boasts an alcohol by volume (ABV) ranging from 45% to 75%, with certain cold-mixed bohemian-style absinthes reaching as high as 89.9% ABV.

In contrast, standard liquors like vodka and whisky usually have an ABV of around 40%, wines hover between 14% and 16%, and beers generally fall within the 4% to 8% range. Due to its high alcohol content, absinthe is best diluted with water before drinking.

Traditionally, absinthe is green, although it can also be clear. Its flavor profile is slightly bitter, dry, and astringent, often likened to licorice. The distillation process involves mashing dried herbs and wormwood, which are then distilled in a water or steam bath until the alcohol content reaches between 60% and 80%. Additional wormwood and herbs are incorporated into the clear distillate to achieve its signature green hue at this stage.

The traditional method of serving absinthe involves slowly dripping cold water over a sugar cube placed on a slotted spoon, which dilutes the drink and creates a cloudy effect known as “louching.”
Switzerland lifted its ban on absinthe in 2003, followed by France in 2011. Since then, absinthe has gradually reappeared in bars worldwide, though it still requires caution due to its controversial history.

For instance, in the U.S., only thujone-free absinthe is allowed, and many contemporary versions contain lower alcohol levels compared to those produced before the ban.

Does Absinthe Actually Cause Hallucinations?

Absinthe is one of the most controversial and least understood forms of alcohol, primarily due to its association with hallucinations. The idea that absinthe directly causes hallucination is largely exaggerated.
According to Healthline, the mind-altering effects attributed to absinthe are likely a result of its high alcohol content rather than any hallucinogenic properties. In essence, absinthe does not cause hallucinations in the manner that many myths suggest.

Historically, absinthe was crafted using wormwood, which contains thujone, a compound once believed to be responsible for its psychoactive effects. However, modern absinthe production is strictly regulated, resulting in very low levels of thujone—less than 10 mg per liter—far below the amounts previously thought to induce hallucinations.

Nonetheless, absinthe is a potent spirit, and its effects are more likely due to alcohol intoxication rather than any supposed hallucinogenic qualities. High alcohol consumption can lead to symptoms such as delirium, confusion, and, in extreme cases, hallucinations, especially when consumed in large amounts over a short time.

Additionally, withdrawal from alcohol can lead to hallucinations and psychosis, posing significant risks for those who regularly consume large quantities and suddenly cease drinking. When the body becomes reliant on alcohol, its absence can trigger severe psychological and physical reactions, including tremors, agitation, and in critical cases, delirium tremens (DTs), which may result in vivid hallucinations, confusion, and seizures.

How Does Absinthe Differ From Other Alcoholic Beverages?

Absinthe distinguishes itself from other spirits through its unique ingredients, flavor, and high alcohol content. As noted by WebMD, Absinthe typically ranges from 90 to 148 proof, with some varieties reaching up to 179 proof, which equates to 89% alcohol—significantly stronger than most liquors. In contrast, standard spirits like rum and vodka usually contain around 40% alcohol.

Absinthe’s flavor profile is also quite distinctive, featuring wormwood and anise. It is often described as complex, with herbal and licorice undertones and a pronounced herbal and slightly bitter taste.

furthermore, the way Absinthe is consumed adds to its uniqueness. Traditionally, it is served by pouring it into a glass, diluting it with water, and adding sugar to counterbalance its bitterness. This preparation transforms drinking Absinthe into a ritualistic experience, setting it apart from many other alcoholic beverages.

What Are the Risks of Drinking Absinthe?

While Absinthe does not induce hallucinations, it remains a potent alcoholic beverage that can lead to negative consequences. Like any alcoholic drink, consuming Absinthe in excess carries risks, including the potential for alcoholism and addiction if misused over time. Although other alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, and spirits can also be addictive, Absinthe’s high alcohol concentration raises additional concerns.

One of the primary dangers is the risk of alcohol poisoning. Due to its elevated alcohol levels, individuals may underestimate their limits, resulting in an overdose that can cause respiratory failure, coma, or even death.

Additionally, as with any alcoholic drink, overindulgence can impair judgment, coordination, and cognitive abilities, heightening the likelihood of accidents and risky behavior. The high alcohol content can also lead to significant dehydration, resulting in hangovers that may be more severe than those from lower-alcohol beverages.

Chronic abuse of Absinthe can lead to various negative health effects similar to those caused by other types of alcohol, including:

• Liver damage
• Weakened immune system
• Hormonal imbalances
• Gastrointestinal issues
• Increased cancer risk
• Cardiovascular problems
• Mental health disorders
• Cognitive decline
• Nerve damage
• Nutritional deficiencies

Contact Resurgence Behavioral Health For Help With Absinthe Hallucinations

If you or someone you know is experiencing Absinthe hallucinations, it’s essential to recognize that these symptoms may be a sign of drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. This can indicate an underlying alcohol use disorder that requires professional treatment and support.

At Resurgence Behavioral Health, we understand the challenges of overcoming addiction, and we’re here to help you take the first step toward recovery. Our comprehensive and personalized treatment programs are designed by a dedicated team of specialists who focus on identifying and addressing the root causes of addiction.

We employ evidence-based therapies alongside holistic methods to not only heal the impacts of alcohol addiction but also to provide patients with effective strategies and tools for sustained recovery.

Contact Resurgence Behavioral Health in California today at 855-458-0050 to speak with a knowledgeable admissions counselor who can guide you through the next steps.

External Sources

• British Medical Journal – Absinthe: what’s your poison?
• Healthline – Does Absinthe Really Make You Hallucinate?
• WebMD – What to Know About Absinthe

David Rofofsky
After growing up in New York, David chose to get help with substance abuse in California because of the state's reputation for top-tier treatment. There, he found the treatment he needed to achieve more than nine years of recovery. He's been in the drug and alcohol addiction rehab industry for eight years and now serves as the Director of Admissions for Resurgence Behavioral Health. David remains passionate about the field because he understands how hard it is to pick up the phone and ask for help. However, once the call is made, someone's life can be saved.

Research | Editorial